They understand that facing an audit or a review can be daunting. That's why we've tailored our services to not only meet but exceed these requirements.
They'll work closely with you to identify potential risks and rewards, ensuring that your investment portfolio is robust, diversified, and aligned with your risk tolerance and business objectives. They ensure compliance with the latest tax laws and regulations, reducing the risk of costly errors and penalties. They didn't just untangle the tax mess; they revamped the bakery's financial strategy, turning potential disaster into a recipe for success. At IBB Accounting & Tax Services, we understand that every sector faces its unique challenges and opportunities.
Within a year, the startup saw a revenue increase of 25%, propelling them into new markets. Navigating the financial landscape of diverse industries, IBB Accounting & Tax Services stands as a lighthouse for businesses in Accounting and Tax Services North Vancouver, guiding them through the fog of fiscal responsibilities and tax intricacies. At IBB Accounting & Tax Services, they don't just prioritize the latest software and tools; they commit to clear, honest communication and ethical practices that build trust.
Moreover, IBB's use of the latest accounting technology ensures that you're always ahead of the curve. Whether you're a small business owner grappling with bookkeeping or an individual seeking assistance with tax preparation, they've got you covered. Let us help you create a comprehensive estate plan that addresses all aspects of your financial life, from investments and property to business interests and personal possessions.
You've likely noticed how digital tools are reshaping the landscape, offering solutions that streamline operations, enhance accuracy, and save you precious time. You'll find that their method isn't just about crunching numbers; it's about building relationships. Whether it's improving profitability, simplifying tax compliance, or aiding in strategic decision-making, we're here to guide you to success.
Not long after the District of North Vancouver was formed, an early land developer and second reeve of the new council, James Cooper Keith, personally underwrote a loan to commence construction of a road which undulated from West Vancouver to Deep Cove amid the slashed sidehills, swamps, and burnt stumps. The road, sometimes under different names and not always contiguous, is still one of the most important east-west thoroughfare carrying traffic across the North Shore.
You're not just another client to us; you're a partner whose success is our primary objective. IBB stepped in, revamping their accounting systems and introducing tax-saving measures that supercharged their growth. Recognizing the pivotal role of technology in modern accounting, it's equally important to consider how industry-specific solutions can elevate your Accounting and Tax Services North Vancouver business to new heights. This personalized approach ensures that your financial management processes are as efficient and effective as possible, freeing you to focus on core business activities without the added stress of financial intricacies. Hospitality businesses, on the other hand, face their own set of challenges, such as fluctuating demand and high operating costs.
After optimizing your business structure and tax strategies, it's crucial to simplify your financial management to keep operations smooth and stress-free. Stick around to uncover how specialized industry insights and innovative investment solutions could be the game changer you didn't know you needed. While we cater to established enterprises with our financial management solutions, we also offer specialized support for start-ups eager to set a solid foundation. This forward-thinking strategy ensures that you're not just surviving but thriving, ready to seize opportunities or tackle challenges as they arise.
This proactive approach means you're always ahead of the game, with compliance strategies that are as bulletproof as they're beneficial for your bottom line. With IBB, you're not just getting an accountant; you're gaining a partner dedicated to your financial success. We start by getting to know your business inside and out, identifying the specific challenges you face and the goals you're aiming to achieve.
This isn't just good practice; it's a legal requirement that can help you identify tax-saving opportunities and streamline your financial reporting. Whether it's optimizing your tax strategy, streamlining your bookkeeping processes, or providing proactive advice on financial planning, you can count on IBB to deliver solutions that are both effective and efficient. With years of experience under their belt, they've helped numerous businesses and individuals navigate the complex world of taxes and finances with ease. One standout story involves a local retail chain struggling with outdated accounting systems. With IBB, you're not just getting an accounting service; you're partnering with specialists who are as invested in your success as you are.
Let's work together to write your success story. By leveraging their expertise, you're not just making decisions based on current trends but are guided towards choices that sustain and expand your business in the long run. As a business owner, adapting to this trend isn't just good for the planet; it's becoming a competitive necessity. You'll find our approach is tailored to your unique situation.
Whether it's tax planning, business accounting, or personal finance advice, you're in the hands of a professional who's dedicated to your financial health.
From there, we develop a bespoke strategy that aligns with your objectives, whether it's maximizing profitability, ensuring tax efficiency, or planning for future growth. Their team is responsive, ensuring that your concerns are addressed promptly. We'll guide you through the complexities of new tax laws, ensuring you're always maximizing your returns and minimizing your liabilities. Communication is key to IBB's service model. This approach ensures that your financial goals aren't just met but are achieved in a way that reflects your personal values and vision.
With IBB Accounting & Tax Services, you're not just meeting your tax obligations; you're strategically positioning your business for financial success. By leveraging their expertise, you ensure that your bookkeeping not only meets compliance standards but also propels your business forward. From cloud-based accounting systems that offer unparalleled accessibility to your financial data, to sophisticated tax software that ensures compliance and optimization, we've got you covered.
This not only boosts morale but also complies with federal and provincial regulations, avoiding potential fines. Building on their commitment to customized solutions, IBB also offers strategic tax advice tailored to the unique needs of different industries. Whether you're navigating financial challenges, preparing for an audit, or seeking year-round consultation, their expertise is designed to support your venture's growth and financial health. If you're curious about how IBB Accounting & Tax Services can elevate your financial management strategy, stay tuned to uncover the stories of client success and innovation that set them apart.
With our support, you're not just meeting obligations; you're setting a foundation for sustained financial success. That's why we offer a suite of services designed to keep your finances in top shape while you focus on expanding your operations. With their help, you'll navigate the audit process with confidence.
How can streamlining your payroll processes transform the way you manage your business's financial health? With IBB's guidance, you'll find yourself confidently managing taxes, from GST/HST filings to payroll taxes, and annual returns. Their tax planning strategies are designed to optimize your position, taking advantage of relevant incentives while ensuring compliance.
Rounding out the team is Mia Rodriguez, a Bookkeeping Specialist with a decade's worth of experience in managing accounts for diverse industries. You'll understand where your finances stand, without having to wade through jargon or complex financial reports. They offer year-round advice, helping you make informed decisions that foster growth.
They've embraced the latest in software and digital tools to ensure your financial operations aren't just efficient, but also secure. Their team dives deep into your financial records, ensuring accuracy and compliance with current tax laws and regulations. That's why we're committed to providing you with personalized financial solutions that address your individual circumstances. Understanding your unique financial landscape, we craft tailored financial strategies that directly address your goals and challenges.
You're not just getting a one-size-fits-all solution. These stories underscore our commitment to not just meet, but exceed, the expectations of our diverse clientele. IBB Accounting & Tax Services doesn't just streamline your financial management; they're also your partner in driving your business toward unparalleled success.
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Accounting |
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Accounting, also known as accountancy, is the process of recording and processing information about economic entities, such as businesses and corporations.[1][2] Accounting measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of stakeholders, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators.[3] Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants. The terms "accounting" and "financial reporting" are often used interchangeably.[4]
Accounting can be divided into several fields including financial accounting, management accounting, tax accounting and cost accounting.[5] Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information, including the preparation of financial statements, to the external users of the information, such as investors, regulators and suppliers.[6] Management accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis and reporting of information for internal use by management to enhance business operations.[1][6] The recording of financial transactions, so that summaries of the financials may be presented in financial reports, is known as bookkeeping, of which double-entry bookkeeping is the most common system.[7] Accounting information systems are designed to support accounting functions and related activities.
Accounting has existed in various forms and levels of sophistication throughout human history. The double-entry accounting system in use today was developed in medieval Europe, particularly in Venice, and is usually attributed to the Italian mathematician and Franciscan friar Luca Pacioli.[8] Today, accounting is facilitated by accounting organizations such as standard-setters, accounting firms and professional bodies. Financial statements are usually audited by accounting firms,[9] and are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).[6] GAAP is set by various standard-setting organizations such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the United States[1] and the Financial Reporting Council in the United Kingdom. As of 2012, "all major economies" have plans to converge towards or adopt the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).[10][11]
Accounting is thousands of years old and can be traced to ancient civilizations.[12][13][14] One early development of accounting dates back to ancient Mesopotamia and is closely related to developments in writing, counting and money;[12] there is also evidence of early forms of bookkeeping in ancient Iran,[15][16] and early auditing systems by the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians.[13] By the time of Emperor Augustus, the Roman government had access to detailed financial information.[17]
Many concepts related to today's accounting seem to be initiated in medieval's Middle East. For example, Jewish communities used double-entry bookkeeping in the early-medieval period[18][19] and Muslim societies, at least since the 10th century also used many modern accounting concepts.[20]
The spread of the use of Arabic numerals, instead of the Roman numbers historically used in Europe, increased efficiency of accounting procedures among Mediterranean merchants,[21] who further refined accounting in medieval Europe.[22] With the development of joint-stock companies, accounting split into financial accounting and management accounting.
The first published work on a double-entry bookkeeping system was the Summa de arithmetica, published in Italy in 1494 by Luca Pacioli (the "Father of Accounting").[23][24] Accounting began to transition into an organized profession in the nineteenth century,[25][26] with local professional bodies in England merging to form the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales in 1880.[27]
Both the words "accounting" and "accountancy" were in use in Great Britain by the mid-1800s and are derived from the words accompting and accountantship used in the 18th century.[28] In Middle English (used roughly between the 12th and the late 15th century), the verb "to account" had the form accounten, which was derived from the Old French word aconter,[29] which is in turn related to the Vulgar Latin word computare, meaning "to reckon". The base of computare is putare, which "variously meant to prune, to purify, to correct an account, hence, to count or calculate, as well as to think".[29]
The word "accountant" is derived from the French word compter, which is also derived from the Italian and Latin word computare. The word was formerly written in English as "accomptant", but in process of time the word, which was always pronounced by dropping the "p", became gradually changed both in pronunciation and in orthography to its present form.[30]
Accounting has variously been defined as the keeping or preparation of the financial records of transactions of the firm, the analysis, verification and reporting of such records and "the principles and procedures of accounting"; it also refers to the job of being an accountant.[31][32][33]
Accountancy refers to the occupation or profession of an accountant,[34][35][36] particularly in British English.[31][32]
Accounting has several subfields or subject areas, including financial accounting, management accounting, auditing, taxation and accounting information systems.[5]
Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information to external users of the information, such as investors, potential investors and creditors. It calculates and records business transactions and prepares financial statements for the external users in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).[6] GAAP, in turn, arises from the wide agreement between accounting theory and practice, and changes over time to meet the needs of decision-makers.[1]
Financial accounting produces past-oriented reports—for example financial statements are often published six to ten months after the end of the accounting period—on an annual or quarterly basis, generally about the organization as a whole.[6]
Management accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis and reporting of information that can help managers in making decisions to fulfill the goals of an organization. In management accounting, internal measures and reports are based on cost–benefit analysis, and are not required to follow the generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP).[6] In 2014 CIMA created the Global Management Accounting Principles (GMAPs). The result of research from across 20 countries in five continents, the principles aim to guide best practice in the discipline.[37]
Management accounting produces past-oriented reports with time spans that vary widely, but it also encompasses future-oriented reports such as budgets. Management accounting reports often include financial and non financial information, and may, for example, focus on specific products and departments.[6]
Intercompany accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis and reporting of information between separate entities that are related, such as a parent company and its subsidiary companies. Intercompany accounting concerns record keeping of transactions between companies that have common ownership such as a parent company and a partially or wholly owned subsidiary. Intercompany transactions are also recorded in accounting when business is transacted between companies with a common parent company (subsidiaries).[38][39]
Auditing is the verification of assertions made by others regarding a payoff,[40] and in the context of accounting it is the "unbiased examination and evaluation of the financial statements of an organization".[41] Audit is a professional service that is systematic and conventional.[42]
An audit of financial statements aims to express or disclaim an independent opinion on the financial statements. The auditor expresses an independent opinion on the fairness with which the financial statements presents the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of an entity, in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and "in all material respects". An auditor is also required to identify circumstances in which the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) have not been consistently observed.[43]
An accounting information system is a part of an organization's information system used for processing accounting data.[44] Many corporations use artificial intelligence-based information systems. The banking and finance industry uses AI in fraud detection. The retail industry uses AI for customer services. AI is also used in the cybersecurity industry. It involves computer hardware and software systems using statistics and modeling.[45]
Many accounting practices have been simplified with the help of accounting computer-based software. An enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is commonly used for a large organisation and it provides a comprehensive, centralized, integrated source of information that companies can use to manage all major business processes, from purchasing to manufacturing to human resources. These systems can be cloud based and available on demand via application or browser, or available as software installed on specific computers or local servers, often referred to as on-premise.
Tax accounting in the United States concentrates on the preparation, analysis and presentation of tax payments and tax returns. The U.S. tax system requires the use of specialised accounting principles for tax purposes which can differ from the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for financial reporting.[46] U.S. tax law covers four basic forms of business ownership: sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, and limited liability company. Corporate and personal income are taxed at different rates, both varying according to income levels and including varying marginal rates (taxed on each additional dollar of income) and average rates (set as a percentage of overall income).[46]
Forensic accounting is a specialty practice area of accounting that describes engagements that result from actual or anticipated disputes or litigation.[47] "Forensic" means "suitable for use in a court of law", and it is to that standard and potential outcome that forensic accountants generally have to work.
Political campaign accounting deals with the development and implementation of financial systems and the accounting of financial transactions in compliance with laws governing political campaign operations. This branch of accounting was first formally introduced in the March 1976 issue of The Journal of Accountancy.[48]
Professional accounting bodies include the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and the other 179 members of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC),[49] including Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland (ICAS), Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan (ICAP), CPA Australia, Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) and Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW). Some countries have a single professional accounting body and, in some other countries, professional bodies for subfields of the accounting professions also exist, for example the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) in the UK and Institute of management accountants in the United States.[50] Many of these professional bodies offer education and training including qualification and administration for various accounting designations, such as certified public accountant (AICPA) and chartered accountant.[51][52]
Depending on its size, a company may be legally required to have their financial statements audited by a qualified auditor, and audits are usually carried out by accounting firms.[9]
Accounting firms grew in the United States and Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, and through several mergers there were large international accounting firms by the mid-twentieth century. Further large mergers in the late twentieth century led to the dominance of the auditing market by the "Big Five" accounting firms: Arthur Andersen, Deloitte, Ernst & Young, KPMG and PricewaterhouseCoopers.[53] The demise of Arthur Andersen following the Enron scandal reduced the Big Five to the Big Four.[54]
Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are accounting standards issued by national regulatory bodies. In addition, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issues the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) implemented by 147 countries.[1] Standards for international audit and assurance, ethics, education, and public sector accounting are all set by independent standard settings boards supported by IFAC. The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board sets international standards for auditing, assurance, and quality control; the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA)[55] sets the internationally appropriate principles-based Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants; the International Accounting Education Standards Board (IAESB) sets professional accounting education standards;[56] and International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) sets accrual-based international public sector accounting standards.[57][4]
Organizations in individual countries may issue accounting standards unique to the countries. For example, in Australia, the Australian Accounting Standards Board manages the issuance of the accounting standards in line with IFRS. In the United States the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issues the Statements of Financial Accounting Standards, which form the basis of US GAAP,[1] and in the United Kingdom the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) sets accounting standards.[58] However, as of 2012 "all major economies" have plans to converge towards or adopt the IFRS.[10]
At least a bachelor's degree in accounting or a related field is required for most accountant and auditor job positions, and some employers prefer applicants with a master's degree.[59] A degree in accounting may also be required for, or may be used to fulfill the requirements for, membership to professional accounting bodies. For example, the education during an accounting degree can be used to fulfill the American Institute of CPA's (AICPA) 150 semester hour requirement,[60] and associate membership with the Certified Public Accountants Association of the UK is available after gaining a degree in finance or accounting.[61]
A doctorate is required in order to pursue a career in accounting academia, for example, to work as a university professor in accounting.[62][63] The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) are the most popular degrees. The PhD is the most common degree for those wishing to pursue a career in academia, while DBA programs generally focus on equipping business executives for business or public careers requiring research skills and qualifications.[62]
Professional accounting qualifications include the chartered accountant designations and other qualifications including certificates and diplomas.[64] In Scotland, chartered accountants of ICAS undergo Continuous Professional Development and abide by the ICAS code of ethics.[65] In England and Wales, chartered accountants of the ICAEW undergo annual training, and are bound by the ICAEW's code of ethics and subject to its disciplinary procedures.[66]
In the United States, the requirements for joining the AICPA as a Certified Public Accountant are set by the Board of Accountancy of each state, and members agree to abide by the AICPA's Code of Professional Conduct and Bylaws.
The ACCA is the largest global accountancy body with over 320,000 members, and the organisation provides an 'IFRS stream' and a 'UK stream'. Students must pass a total of 14 exams, which are arranged across three levels.[67]
Accounting research is research in the effects of economic events on the process of accounting, the effects of reported information on economic events, and the roles of accounting in organizations and society.[68][69] It encompasses a broad range of research areas including financial accounting, management accounting, auditing and taxation.[70]
Accounting research is carried out both by academic researchers and practicing accountants. Methodologies in academic accounting research include archival research, which examines "objective data collected from repositories"; experimental research, which examines data "the researcher gathered by administering treatments to subjects"; analytical research, which is "based on the act of formally modeling theories or substantiating ideas in mathematical terms"; interpretive research, which emphasizes the role of language, interpretation and understanding in accounting practice, "highlighting the symbolic structures and taken-for-granted themes which pattern the world in distinct ways"; critical research, which emphasizes the role of power and conflict in accounting practice; case studies; computer simulation; and field research.[71][72]
Empirical studies document that leading accounting journals publish in total fewer research articles than comparable journals in economics and other business disciplines,[73] and consequently, accounting scholars[74] are relatively less successful in academic publishing than their business school peers.[75] Due to different publication rates between accounting and other business disciplines, a recent study based on academic author rankings concludes that the competitive value of a single publication in a top-ranked journal is highest in accounting and lowest in marketing.[76]
The year 2001 witnessed a series of financial information frauds involving Enron, auditing firm Arthur Andersen, the telecommunications company WorldCom, Qwest and Sunbeam, among other well-known corporations. These problems highlighted the need to review the effectiveness of accounting standards, auditing regulations and corporate governance principles. In some cases, management manipulated the figures shown in financial reports to indicate a better economic performance. In others, tax and regulatory incentives encouraged over-leveraging of companies and decisions to bear extraordinary and unjustified risk.[77]
The Enron scandal deeply influenced the development of new regulations to improve the reliability of financial reporting, and increased public awareness about the importance of having accounting standards that show the financial reality of companies and the objectivity and independence of auditing firms.[77]
In addition to being the largest bankruptcy reorganization in American history, the Enron scandal undoubtedly is the biggest audit failure[78] causing the dissolution of Arthur Andersen, which at the time was one of the five largest accounting firms in the world. After a series of revelations involving irregular accounting procedures conducted throughout the 1990s, Enron filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in December 2001.[79]
One consequence of these events was the passage of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act in the United States in 2002, as a result of the first admissions of fraudulent behavior made by Enron. The act significantly raises criminal penalties for securities fraud, for destroying, altering or fabricating records in federal investigations or any scheme or attempt to defraud shareholders.[80]
Accounting fraud is an intentional misstatement or omission in the accounting records by management or employees which involves the use of deception. It is a criminal act and a breach of civil tort. It may involve collusion with third parties.[81]
An accounting error is an unintentional misstatement or omission in the accounting records, for example misinterpretation of facts, mistakes in processing data, or oversights leading to incorrect estimates.[81] Acts leading to accounting errors are not criminal but may breach civil law, for example, the tort of negligence.
The primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud and errors rests with the entity's management.[81]
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North Vancouver
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The Corporation of the City of North Vancouver | |
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Nickname:
North Van
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![]() Location of the City of North Vancouver in Metro Vancouver
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Coordinates: 49°19′N 123°4′W / 49.317°N 123.067°W | |
Country | Canada |
Province | British Columbia |
Regional district | Metro Vancouver |
Incorporated | May 13, 1907[1] |
Seat | North Vancouver City Hall |
Government | |
• Type | Mayor-council government |
• Mayor | Linda Buchanan |
• Council |
List of councillors
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• MP | Jonathan Wilkinson (Liberal) |
• MLA | Bowinn Ma (BC NDP) |
Area | |
• Land | 11.83 km2 (4.57 sq mi) |
Elevation
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80 m (260 ft) |
Population
(2021)[3]
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• Total
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58,120 |
• Estimate
(2023)[4]
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64,847 |
• Density | 4,913.0/km2 (12,725/sq mi) |
Demonym | North Vancouverite |
Time zone | UTC-8 (PST) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
Forward sortation area | |
Area codes | 604, 778, 236, 672 |
Website | cnv |
The City of North Vancouver is a city municipality on the North Shore of the Burrard Inlet, in British Columbia, Canada. Anchored by the downtown town centre of Lonsdale, with which its urban core is largely synonymous, it consists of the smallest and most urbanized of the communities situated north of the city of Vancouver, and is part of the Metro Vancouver regional district, though it has significant industry of its own – including shipping, chemical production, and film production. The city is served by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, British Columbia Ambulance Service, and the North Vancouver City Fire Department.
In the 1880s, Arthur Heywood-Lonsdale and a relation James Pemberton Fell, made substantial investments through their company, Lonsdale Estates, and in 1882 he financed the Moodyville investments. Several locations in the North Vancouver area are named after Lonsdale and his family.[5]
Not long after the District of North Vancouver was formed, an early land developer and second reeve of the new council, James Cooper Keith, personally underwrote a loan[6] to commence construction of a road which undulated from West Vancouver to Deep Cove amid the slashed sidehills, swamps, and burnt stumps. The road, sometimes under different names and not always contiguous, is still one of the most important east-west thoroughfare carrying traffic across the North Shore.
Development was slow at the outset. The population of the district in the 1901 census was only 365 people.[6] Keith joined Edwin Mahon and together they controlled North Vancouver Land & Improvement Company. Soon the pace of development around the foot of Lonsdale began to pick up. The first school was opened in 1902. The district was able to build a municipal hall in 1903 and actually have meetings in North Vancouver (instead of in Vancouver where most of the landowners lived).[citation needed] The first bank and first newspaper arrived in 1905. In 1906 the BC Electric Railway Company opened up a street car line that extended from the ferry wharf up Lonsdale to 12th Street. By 1911 the streetcar system extended west to the Capilano River and east to Lynn Valley.[citation needed]
The owners of businesses who operated on Lonsdale, as part of an initiative led by Keith and Mahon, brought a petition to the district council in 1905, calling for a new, compact city to be carved out of the unwieldy district.[citation needed]
During the ensuing two years there was much and sometimes heated debate. Some thought the new city should have a new name such as Northport, Hillmont or Parkhill. Burrard became the favourite of the new names but majority view was that North Vancouver remain in order to remain associated with the rising credibility of Vancouver in financial markets and as a place to attract immigrants.[7]
Some thought the boundary of the new city should reflect geography and extend from Lynn Creek or Seymour River west to the Capilano River and extend three miles up the mountainside.[citation needed] That the boundary of the city which came into existence in 1907 just happened to match that of the lands owned by the North Vancouver Land & Improvement Company and Lonsdale Estate was no accident. Since the motivation for creating the city was to reserve local tax revenue for the work of putting in services for the property owned by the major developers, there was little reason to take on any of the burden beyond the extent of their holdings.[citation needed]
Residents in west part of the District of North Vancouver now had less reason to be connected with what remained and they petitioned to create the District of West Vancouver (the west part of the North Shore, not the west side of Vancouver) in 1912.[citation needed] The eastern boundary of that new municipality is for the most part the Capilano River and a community that is easily distinguished from the two North Vancouvers has since developed.
The City of North Vancouver continued to grow around the foot of Lonsdale Avenue. Serviced by the North Vancouver Ferries, it proved a popular area. Commuters used the ferries to work in Vancouver. Street cars and early land speculation, spurred interest in the area. Streets, city blocks and houses were slowly built around lower Lonsdale. Wallace Shipyards, and the Pacific Great Eastern Railway provided an industrial base, although, the late arrival of the Second Narrows railway bridge in 1925 controlled development.
The Depression again bankrupted the city, while the Second World War turned North Vancouver into the Clydeside of Canada with a large shipbuilding program. Housing the shipyard workers provided a new building boom, which continued on through the post-war years. By that time, North Vancouver became a popular housing area.
The City of North Vancouver is separated from Vancouver by the Burrard Inlet, and it is surrounded on three sides by the District of North Vancouver. The city has much in common with the district and with West Vancouver; together, the three are commonly referred to as the North Shore.
The City of North Vancouver is relatively densely populated with a number of residential high-rise buildings in the Central Lonsdale and Lower Lonsdale areas.
The North Shore mountains have many drainages: Capilano River, MacKay, Mosquito, and Lynn Creeks, and Seymour River.
North Vancouver has an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) with cool, rainy winters and dry, warm summers.
Climate data for North Vancouver (N Vancouver 2ND Narrows) (Elevation: 4m) 1981−2010 | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 262.2 (10.32) |
172.3 (6.78) |
168.4 (6.63) |
136.3 (5.37) |
103.3 (4.07) |
82.5 (3.25) |
53.2 (2.09) |
54.9 (2.16) |
76.8 (3.02) |
189.0 (7.44) |
293.4 (11.55) |
238.6 (9.39) |
1,830.8 (72.08) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 255.3 (10.05) |
167.7 (6.60) |
166.8 (6.57) |
136.1 (5.36) |
103.3 (4.07) |
82.5 (3.25) |
53.2 (2.09) |
54.9 (2.16) |
76.8 (3.02) |
189.0 (7.44) |
290.2 (11.43) |
229.9 (9.05) |
1,805.6 (71.09) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 6.9 (2.7) |
5.2 (2.0) |
1.6 (0.6) |
0.2 (0.1) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.0) |
2.3 (0.9) |
8.7 (3.4) |
24.9 (9.8) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 20.5 | 15.5 | 18.0 | 15.4 | 13.8 | 11.7 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 9.6 | 16.1 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 175.9 |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 19.7 | 15.1 | 17.9 | 15.4 | 13.8 | 11.7 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 9.6 | 16.0 | 20.7 | 19.6 | 173.5 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 1.7 | 0.92 | 0.54 | 0.12 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.08 | 0.72 | 2.2 | 6.2 |
Source: Environment Canada (normals, 1981−2010)[8] |
Mayor | Linda Buchanan (2018, 2022) |
Councillors | Holly Back (2018, 2022), Don Bell (2011, 2014, 2018, 2022), Angela Girard (2018, 2022), Jessica McIlroy (2018, 2022), Tony Valente (2018, 2022), Shervin Shahriari (2022) |
Provincial MLA | Bowinn Ma (North Vancouver-Lonsdale) |
MP | Jonathan Wilkinson (North Vancouver) |
The area around lower Lonsdale Avenue features several open community spaces, including Waterfront Park, Lonsdale Quay, Ship Builders Square and the Burrard Dry Dock Pier.
Other sites of interest in the city include:[9][10][11]
The City of North Vancouver is connected to Vancouver by two highway bridges (the Lions Gate Bridge and the Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing) and by a passenger ferry, the SeaBus. That system and the bus system in North Vancouver is operated by Coast Mountain Bus Company, an operating company of TransLink. The hub of the bus system is Lonsdale Quay, the location of the SeaBus terminal. Currently, there is no rail transit service on the North Shore.
The main street in the city is Lonsdale Avenue, which begins at Lonsdale Quay and goes north to 29th Street, where it continues in the District of North Vancouver, ending at Rockland Road.
Highway 1, the Trans-Canada Highway (often referred to as the "Upper Levels Highway") passes through the northern portion of the city. It is a freeway for its entire length within the City of North Vancouver. There are six interchanges on Highway 1 within the City of North Vancouver:
Public schools are managed by the North Vancouver School District, which operates 8 high schools and 30 elementary schools shared by the city and the District of North Vancouver.
The Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique operates one Francophone school in that city: école André-Piolat, which has both primary and secondary levels.[12]
There are also several independent private elementary and high schools in the area, including Bodwell High School and Lions Gate Christian Academy.
Post-secondary education is available at Capilano University in the district, as well as at Simon Fraser University and the University of British Columbia in neighbouring communities.
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1911 | 8,196 | — |
1921 | 7,652 | −6.6% |
1931 | 8,510 | +11.2% |
1941 | 8,914 | +4.7% |
1951 | 15,687 | +76.0% |
1961 | 23,656 | +50.8% |
1971 | 31,847 | +34.6% |
1981 | 33,640 | +5.6% |
1991 | 41,475 | +23.3% |
2001 | 44,303 | +6.8% |
2006 | 45,165 | +1.9% |
2011 | 48,196 | +6.7% |
2016 | 52,898 | +9.8% |
2021 | 58,120 | +9.9% |
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, North Vancouver had a population of 58,120 living in 27,293 of its 29,021 total private dwellings, a change of 9.9% from its 2016 population of 52,898. With a land area of 11.83 km2 (4.57 sq mi), it had a population density of 4,912.9/km2 (12,724.4/sq mi) in 2021.[3]
As of the 2011 census, the median age was 41.2 years old, which is a bit higher than the national median age at 40.6 years old. There are 24,206 private dwellings with an occupancy rate of 94.1%. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, the median value of a dwelling in North Vancouver is $599,985 which is significantly higher than the national average at $280,552. The median household income (after-taxes) in North Vancouver is $52,794, a bit lower than the national average at $54,089.
North Vancouver has one of the highest Middle Eastern[a] population ratios for any Canadian city at 11.3% as of 2021, with the vast majority being Persian.[13]
Panethnic group |
2021[13] | 2016[14] | 2011[15] | 2006[16] | 2001[17] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
European[b] | 35,420 | 61.59% | 34,695 | 66.48% | 32,800 | 68.78% | 32,160 | 71.69% | 32,960 | 75.03% |
Middle Eastern[a] | 6,510 | 11.32% | 4,575 | 8.77% | 3,655 | 7.66% | 3,155 | 7.03% | 3,015 | 6.86% |
East Asian[c] | 5,195 | 9.03% | 4,260 | 8.16% | 3,775 | 7.92% | 3,995 | 8.91% | 3,255 | 7.41% |
Southeast Asian[d] | 4,220 | 7.34% | 3,715 | 7.12% | 3,470 | 7.28% | 2,150 | 4.79% | 1,650 | 3.76% |
South Asian | 2,100 | 3.65% | 1,840 | 3.53% | 1,475 | 3.09% | 1,340 | 2.99% | 980 | 2.23% |
Indigenous | 1,230 | 2.14% | 1,150 | 2.2% | 970 | 2.03% | 925 | 2.06% | 1,015 | 2.31% |
Latin American | 1,210 | 2.1% | 840 | 1.61% | 585 | 1.23% | 430 | 0.96% | 470 | 1.07% |
African | 550 | 0.96% | 485 | 0.93% | 390 | 0.82% | 315 | 0.7% | 315 | 0.72% |
Other[e] | 1,075 | 1.87% | 630 | 1.21% | 575 | 1.21% | 385 | 0.86% | 275 | 0.63% |
Total responses | 57,505 | 98.94% | 52,185 | 98.65% | 47,685 | 98.94% | 44,860 | 99.32% | 43,930 | 99.16% |
Total population | 58,120 | 100% | 52,898 | 100% | 48,196 | 100% | 45,165 | 100% | 44,303 | 100% |
Mother languages as reported by each person:
Mother language | Population | % of Total Population | % of Non-official language Population |
---|---|---|---|
English | 35,520 | 61.4% | N/A |
Persian | 5,760 | 10.0% | 31.1% |
Tagalog | 1,675 | 2.9% | 9.0% |
Chinese Languages | 1,670 | 2.9% | 9.0% |
Spanish | 1,245 | 2.2% | 6.7% |
Korean | 1,135 | 6.1% | 6.1% |
French | 980 | 1.7% | N/A |
German | 575 | 1.0% | 3.1% |
3.1% of North Vancouver residents listed both English and a non-official language as mother tongues.
According to the 2021 census, religious groups in North Vancouver included:[13]
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